(Please find the English version of this article at the
end of this Burmese version.)
တရုတ္နယ္စပ္မွ ကခ်င္ျပည္နယ္ရွိ Strip Mine သတၱဳတြင္း တစ္ခုအေၾကာင္း
မၾကာေသးခင္က
ဂူဂယ္အပ္ (Google Earth) internet ေျမပုံမွာ
၂၀၁၀ ခုႏွစ္၊ ေမလက ၿဂိဳဟ္တုမွ ရုိက္ထားေသာ စက္တလုိက္ satellite ဓါတ္ပုံထဲမွာ စိတ္၀င္စားဖြယ္ရာ ေနရာ (site) တစ္ခုကုိ ျမင္လုိက္ရမိသည္။ ထုိေနရာတြင္
ကြန္တုိ (ေခၚ) ေလွခါးထစ္ သဖြယ္ ေတာင္ကုန္းမ်ားကုိ ျဖတ္ေဖါက္ထားေသာ သတၱဳတြင္း (contour strip
mine) ကုိ ျမင္ေနရသည္။ ေတာင္ကုန္း ေတာင္တန္း အတြင္းရွိ ေျမေအာက္ သတၱဳေၾကာကုိ ထိေအာင္ အေပၚယံ ေျမသားကုိ လွန္ထပ္ ဖယ္ရွားကာ ေျမျပင္ကုိ ေလွခါးထစ္ အျဖစ္ ေဖါက္တည္ထားသည္။ တခ်ဳိ႕ေနရာမ်ားတြင္ ေတာင္ကုန္းနံရံမ်ားကုိ တူးဆြ ေဖါက္ခ်ၿပီး သတၱဳတြင္းကုိ ဖဲ့ယူၾကသည္။ ဤသုိ႔ သတၱဳတြင္းကုိ
ဖဲ့ျခစ္ ထုတ္ၿပီးေသာအခါ ေတာင္ေၾကာတခုလုံးတြင္ ေလွခါးထစ္သ႑န္ ေျမျပင္မွာ က်န္ေနခဲ့သည္။ (ဓါတ္ပုံ - ၁)
Wikipedia အင္တာနက္ အဘိဌာန္တြင္ ေဖၚျပထားသည္မ်ားအရ မုိလစ္ဒီနမ္ကုိ ပင္မသတၱဳအျဖစ္ တူးေဖၚေနၾကသည့္
ေနရာတြင္ ေၾကးနီ (copper) ႏွင့္ သံျဖဴ (tungsten) ကုိလည္း တြဲဖက္ တူးေဖၚ ရရွိေလ့ရွိ၏။ သတၱဳရုိင္း မုိလစ္ဒီနမ္ကုိ
metal သံမာမ်ား ျပဳလုပ္ရာ၌ `အေရာ’
(alloys) အျဖစ္ ႀကိဳသုံးၾကသည္။ မုိလစ္ဒီနမ္မွာ အထူးတလည္ ျပင္းထန္ေသာ
အပူဒဏ္ (heat) ကုိ ခံႏုိင္သည္။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင့္ သံခ်ပ္ကား၊ ေလယာဥ္ပ်ံသုံး
ပစၥည္း၊ အီလက္ထေရာနစ္ (electronic) ပစၥည္းျပဳလုပ္ရာတြင္ ေစ့ကပ္
(contact) သည့္ပစၥည္း၊ ေမာ္တာစက္ (motor) စသည္တုိ႔တြင္
သုံးၾကသည္။ ၂၀၀၅ ခုႏွစ္၊ ဇြန္လပုိင္းက ကမၻာ့ သတၱဳေစ်းကြက္တြင္ မုိလစ္ဒီနမ္ တစ္တန္လွ်င္
ေဒၚလာ ၁၀၃,၀၀၀ (တစ္သိန္းေက်ာ္) ေစ်းထိ ျမင့္တက္ခဲ့ဘူးသည္။ ၂၀၀၉ ခုႏွစ္၊ ၾသဂုတ္လက မုိလစ္ဒီနမ္ ေစ်းမွာ တစ္တန္လွ်င္
ေဒၚလာ ၃၀,၀၀၀ (သုံးေသာင္း) ေစ်းရွိခဲ့သည္။ (ဓါတ္ပုံ - ၃)
(မွတ္ခ်က္ -- လတၱိက်ဳအားျဖင့္ ၂၅ ံဟု ၿပန္ၿပင္ ထားပါသည္။ ၂၁ မွာ အရိုက္ မွား သြားပါသည္။ ခြင့္လြွတ္ပါ၇န္။)
ဤသတၱဳတြင္း (mine) သည္ ျမန္မာ့တပ္မေတာ္ ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္မ်ား၏ တရားမ၀င္
စီးပြားေရး လုပ္ငန္းတစ္ခု ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ တုိင္းျပည္အတြက္ စီးပြား၊ ၀င္ေငြ ျဖစ္ေစရမည့္အစား
ကုိယ့္ စစ္ေဘာင္းဘီအိပ္ အတြင္း ကုိယ္က်ဳိးယူေနၾကျခင္း ျဖစ္သည္။
ေဒသခံ ကခ်င္အမ်ဳိးသားမ်ား
အဆုိအရ အခ်ိန္အားျဖင့္ ၂၀၀၅-၂၀၀၆ ခုႏွစ္ ၀န္းက်င္က ေျမာက္ပုိင္းတုိင္း စစ္ဌာနခ်ဳပ္
တုိင္းမွဴး၊ ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္ (Maj-General) အုန္းျမင့္ကုိယ္တုိင္ ဤသတၱဳတြင္းေနရာသုိ႔
လာေရာက္၍ ကခ်င္ နယ္ျခားေစာင့္ တပ္မ်ား၏ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ႀကီး ဇခုန္တိန္႔ယိန္း
(Zahkung Ting Ying) ႏွင့္ အေပးအယူ လုပ္ခဲ့ၾကသည္။ ဦးဇခုန္တိန္႔ယိန္း ဆုိသည္မွာ ၄င္း
၏ ကခ်င္ မိတ္ေဟာင္းၾကီးမ်ား အဆိုအ၇ - ယခုအခါ လက္ၫိုးၫြန္ရာမလႊဲ ဆုိသကဲ့သုိ႔ ဟုိတယ္မ်ား၊
အိမ္မ်ား၊ ကုမၸဏီမ်ား၊ စက္ရုံမ်ား၊ ဘိန္းခင္းမ်ား ႏွင့္ ေခတ္မွီ ဘိန္းခ်က္စက္ရံုမ်ား
ပုိင္ဆုိင္သည္။ ယေန႔အခ်ိန္တြင္ ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္အုန္းျမင့္၏ မိတ္ေဆြႀကီး ျဖစ္ေသာ ဦးဇခုန္တိန္႔ယိန္းမွာ
ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ၏ လႊတ္ေတာ္ ကုိယ္စားလွယ္ႀကီး ျဖစ္လာခဲ့ၿပီ ျဖစ္သည္။ တုိင္းမွဴးႀကီး ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္အုန္းျမင့္
မွာလည္း (ယခင္) ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္မွဴးႀကီး သန္းေရႊ၏ သစၥာေတာ္ခံအျဖစ္ ရာထူးအရပ္ရပ္ တုိးခဲ့ၿပီး၊
ယေန႔အခါတြင္ လက္ရွိ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ အစုိးရ၏ သမ၀ါယမ ၀န္ႀကီး ဦးအုန္းျမင့္ ျဖစ္လာခဲ့ေပသည္။ ဤမုိလစ္ဒီနမ္ သတၱဳတြင္းမွာလည္း တရုတ္တုိ႔ တူးယူဆဲပင္။
တခုသာ ထူးျခားစြာ
ျမန္မာျပည္သူျပည္သားတုိ႔ မၾကာေသးမွီက ၾကားနာရသည္မွာ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ၏ ဘ႑ာေငြမွာ ခါလီခ်၊ ေႂကြးေဗလပြျဖင့္ -- ႏုိင္ငံျခား
ႏုိင္ငံမ်ားကုိ ေဒၚလာေငြ ၁၁ ဘီလီယံ (11 Billion US$ -- သန္းေပါင္း တစ္ေသာင္း တစ္ေထာင္)
ေက်ာ္ ေႂကြးတင္ေနသည္ဟု ဘ႑ာေရး၀န္ႀကီး ဌာနက
ထုတ္ျပန္ခဲ့သည္။
ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံသူ၊
ႏုိင္ငံသားမ်ားအဖုိ႔ စစ္အစုိးရအဆက္ဆက္က တရား၀င္ ႏုိင္ငံတကာ စီးပြားကုန္သြယ္မႈမ်ား ျပဳခဲ့သည္ကုိ
တစ္ခါတစ္ရံ အၾကမ္းဖ်င္းမၽွ သိရသည္ လည္း ရွိသည္၊ မသိရွိရသည္က မ်ားသည္။ အိမ္နီးခ်င္းႏုိင္ငံ
(အထူးသျဖင့္ တရုတ္ျပည္) သုိ႔ စီးပြားကုန္သြယ္မႈျပဳျခင္း၊ ႏုိင္ငံ သယံဇာတမ်ားကုိ ေဖါေဖါသီသီျဖင့္
တရား၀င္ ေရာင္းခ်ကာ၊ တရားမ၀င္ လက္သိပ္ထုိး လဒ္ယူေနၾကသည္ ကုိလည္း နားလည္ၾကပါသည္။
ယေန. NLD ႏွင့္
ျပည္သူ႔လႊတ္ေတာ္ ကုိယ္စားလွယ္မ်ားက ျပည္သူအမ်ားကုိ ပညာေပး နားလည္ႏုိင္ေစရန္ ယခင္ စစ္အစုိးရမ်ား
ေခတ္အဆက္ဆက္က တရား၀င္ ႏုိင္ငံတကာ စီးပြားဆက္သြယ္မႈ (trade) လုပ္ခဲ့စဥ္က မည္သည့္ႏုိင္ငံသုိ႔၊
မည္သည့္ သယံဇာတမ်ား၊ ေငြေၾကးမည္မွ် တန္ဖုိး ေရာင္းခ်ခဲ့သည္မ်ား၊ မည္သည့္ႏုိင္ငံ လုပ္ငန္းေဆာင္တာမ်ား
အတြက္၊ မည္မွ်တန္ဖုိးအတြက္ ေႂကြးအျဖစ္ ၀ယ္ယူခဲ့သည္မ်ားကုိ လက္ရွိ
(စစ္အစုိးရ မဟုတ္ေတာ့ ဟုဆုိေသာ) အစုိးရထံမွ ရယူ၍ ျပည္သူကုိ တင္ျပၾကရမည့္အခ်ိန္
ျဖစ္ေနၿပီျဖစ္သည္။ အေၾကာင္းမွာ တႏုိင္ငံလုံး မြဲျပာခံေနရသည့္ၾကားမွ၊ ‘ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္ေႂကြး၊ ျပည္သူ.အေႂကြး’ (national debt, public
debt) အျဖစ္ ျပည္သူတုိ႔က တာ၀န္ရွိေနရျပန္ၿပီ ျဖစ္ေသာေၾကာင့္ တညး္။
ယခုေတာ့ သမၼတႀကီး
ဦးသိန္းစိန္ႏွင့္ ခုိးသားငါးရာတုိ႔ ႏုိင္ငံတကာလွည့္၍ ေႂကြးမ်ား ျပန္ဖ်က္သိမ္းေပးရန္ မ်က္ႏွာခ်ဳိ ေသြးေနၾကသည္ကုိ ၾကား ၿမင္
သိလ်က္၊ က်ဆုံးသြားေလသူ ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္ ေအာင္ဆန္း၏ မိန္႔ခြန္းမ်ားမွ ဤတစ္ခုကုိ
သတိရမိရေစသည္ -- “ဟုိလူျမင္တဲ့အခါ မ်က္ႏွာခ်ဳ္ိေသြးရ၊ ဒီလူျမင္ရတဲ့အခါ မ်က္ႏွာခ်ဳိေသြးရ။
ဖါသည္လုိ ႏုိင္ငံမ်ဳိး ျဖစ္ေနမွာပဲ ဆုိတာ…….”
၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀
A strip mine at Chinese
border in Kachin land, Burma
Recently, an interesting feature was discovered on a
satellite image from March 2010; it is a contour strip mine located near the
Chinese border in Kachin State, Burma.
You can see it on GoogleEarth
at the following coordinates: 25⁰
51’ 11.58”N, 98⁰ 32’ 50.01’E. (Figure 1)
The contour strip mine shown in Figure 1 is located about 80 miles east of Chipwi and about 80 miles northeast of Myitkyina. Interestingly, the mine is 10 miles away from the location of a World War II plane wreck that occurred during flight HUMP piloted by Jimmy Fox of the State of Texas in the United States. The mine has an areal extent of around 250 acres and is located in an isolated area in the northeastern Chinese-Burma border regions, which is sparsely populated by Kachin people. My anonymous sources tell me the mine is operated by some Chinese groups and by the Kachin Border Guard Forces of the New Democratic Army (NDA) led by Zahkung Tingying. Some Russian technicians have also been involved in the venture.
Contour stripping involves removing overburden above a mineral seam in
hilly or mountainous terrain where the mineral outcrop usually follows the
contour of the land. Contour stripping
is often followed by auger mining to remove more of the mineral ore. This method commonly leaves behind terraces
in the mountainsides. The image in
Figure 2 shows many roads have been built following the terrain contours. Trucks are lined up for loading ore. According to an anonymous Kachin source the
ore is a molybdenum mineral.
Molybdenum is mined in many areas as a primary ore or as a
byproduct of copper and tungsten mining.
About 80% of molybdenum is used in metallurgical applications, such as
alloys. The ability of molybdenum to
withstand extreme temperatures without significantly expanding or softening
makes it useful in applications that involve intense heat, including the
manufacture of armor, aircraft parts, electrical contacts, industrial motors
and filaments. Molybdenum had a value of
approximately $30,000/ton as of August 2009.
It maintained a price at or near $10,000/ton from 1997 through 2003 and
reached, due to increased demand, a peak of $103,000/ton in June 2005. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum)
Figure 3 shows the close-up pictures of
activities at the mine.
This mine is an example of an illegal/informal trade venture
of the Burmese military. Officers from
the battalion to the General level have made money out of it, when in fact the
revenues should be accruing to the nation.
Local sources tell me that the deal was made in 2005-2006 between major
General Ohn Myint and Zahkung Tingying, leader of the Kachin Border Guard. According to his colleagues of the Burmese
Communist Party, Mr. Zahkung Tingying has become wealthy as the owner of
hotels, houses, companies, factories, opium fields and opium processing
factories. Major General Ohn Myint, one
of former Senior General Than Shwe’s beloved right-hand men, has now become
Minister of Industry/Cooperatives in Thein Sein’s Burmese government. Mr. Zahkung Tingying, Major General Ohn
Myint’s great friend, has become a member of the Burmese parliament. Still the molybdenum mine is in full
operation. (Figure 4)
For the Burmese people, the latest news is the new
government’s revelation that Burma owes
11 billion dollars of debt to other nations. Under a series of military occupations of
Burma, such as those of the dictators Ne Win, Saw Maung and Than Shwe, the
Burmese people sometimes heard about formal international trade, but they are
overwhelmed by the news of illegal/informal trading partnerships with
neighboring countries, especially with China.
They also knew about informal (illegal) trading of natural resources by
Burmese military commanders through their cronies. But they are hurt to learn that natural
resources of the nation are being sold out cheaply for bribes that the military
leaders have taken when the nation is so deeply in debt.
It is time now that the NLD and members of the parliament,
who claim to be for the people, investigate and inform the Burmese people about
which countries have been sold what goods and resources and for how much money,
and from which countries Burma has taken loans and for what activities. The people
of Burma deserve to know these facts since they are now responsible for this
$11 billion as an international public
debt.
Today Ali Baba (Thein Sein) and 500 thieves are talking to
Japan, Italy and other countries and organizations begging to waive the
nation’s debt. This reminds me of the
speech of the late General Aung San on
Burma’s future: "Having to
throw a sweet face to this person and to that person currying favor would be
like a nation of prostitutes". In Burmese, it says (ဟို လူ
ကိုၿမင္၇တဲ့ အခါ မ်က္ႏွာခ်ိဳေသြး၇၊ ဒီ လူ ကိုၿမင္၇တဲ့ အခါ မ်က္ႏွာခ်ိဳေသြး၇၊ ဖါ
သည္လို နိဳင္ငံမ်ိဳး ၿဖစ္ ေန မွာပဲ ဆိုတာ…).
End.
Authored by Dr. U
Win, Viz Center, California, USA.
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